The ecophysiology of under-ice fauna

Under-ice Boundary Layer

Sea ice is in almost constant motion in response to wind, ocean currents, and forces transmitted within the ice cover itself, thus there is nearly always a zone of sheared Sow between the ice and underlying, undisturbed ocean where turbulence transports momentum, heat, salt, and other contaminants vertically. The zone in which these turbulent Suxes occur, which can span from a few to hundreds o...

Melting of ice under pressure.

The melting of ice under pressure is investigated with a series of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, a two-phase approach is used to determine the melting temperature of the ice-VII phase in the range of 10-50 GPa. Our computed melting temperatures are consistent with existing diamond anvil cell experiments. We find that for pressures between 10 and 40 GPa, ice mel...

Production of Ice Nucleation Deficient (Ice-) Mutants of the Epiphytic Strains of Erwinia herbicola

To mutate the Ice Nucleation Active (INA) gene in Erwinia herbicola strains, Tn-5 transposon carried by Psup2021 plasmid was used. This plasmid was transferred to the bacterial cells by electroporation. Electrotransformation was carried out for 2.5 ms at 1800 v and 1 mm distance between the electrodes. Polymerase chain reaction was used for determination of presence or loss of INA gene, using a...

Ecophysiology of Development: Gametophores

Ecophysiology of Development: Protonemata